Newton Law
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v38.0.0Three fundamental principles that define the relationship between an object's motion and the forces acting upon it — the bedrock of classical mechanics.
An object will remain at rest, or continue moving in a straight line at constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net external force. This property — resistance to changes in motion — is called inertia.
When a car brakes suddenly, passengers lurch forward. Their bodies resist the change in velocity because no force was directly applied to them — pure inertia in action.
Set friction to zero — the block will slide forever at constant velocity, exactly as the law predicts.
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied, and inversely proportional to its mass. A greater force produces greater acceleration; a greater mass resists acceleration.
Double the force ? double the acceleration. Double the mass ? half the acceleration. Try both combinations in the simulation.
Force is measured in Newtons (N). One Newton accelerates 1 kg at 1 m/s². So: 1 N = 1 kg·m/s².
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. When two bodies interact, they exert forces on each other that are identical in magnitude and exactly opposite in direction.
Equal forces do not mean equal movement. If masses differ, accelerations differ ($a = F/m$). A cannon and its ball experience the same force — the ball flies far while the cannon barely moves.
Set unequal masses and trigger the explosion. The lighter block accelerates much faster — yet both experience exactly the same force magnitude.